English 12 | Unit 1: Life Stories & Home Life | Lesson 1: Getting Started
Chào đón các em học sinh đến với trang mục Bài Soạn và Trợ Giảng dành cho lớp 12, hệ 7 năm (seven-year syllabus) cũng như 10 năm (ten-year syllabus)!
Trọng tâm gồm những phần sau: Topic-specific Vocabulary, Describing Appearance and Personality, Talking about Family Role Models, Discussing Rules and Rights in Family, Rephrasing in Reading and Listening, Tips on Speaking, Asking Follow-up Questions.
I. A CLASS PRESENTATION:
What’s the topic for tomorrow’s presentation, bài thuyết trình? Who are you talking about?
I’m still wavering between, dao động giữa, Steve Jobs and Michael Jackson. I admire them both. I can’t decide who has a greater impact, tác động lớn, on me. While Steve Jobs, a distinguished, xuất chúng, entrepreneur, stimulates my creativity, khơi gợi sức sáng tạo, Michael Jackson, a gifted, tài năng, entertainer, inspires me to, truyền cảm hứng và kéo tôi đến với, the world of entertainment and artistic performance. Both of them were respectable, talented and influential, có tầm ảnh hưởng lớn.
Another person whose achievements I have admiration for is Christine Ha, a blind chef, the Vietnamese American lady who won the US MasterChef trophy in 2012. So talented and determined, quyết đoán, she is also a gifted writer.
WORD DEFINITIONS:
distinguished (adj): very successful and admired by other people
respectable (adj): regarded by society as acceptable, proper and correct
generosity (n): kindness and willingness to give
achievement (n): something that has been obtained through hard work, ability and effort
talented (adj): gifted, having a natural ability to do something well
II. MY PARENT(S) – MY HOME LIFE:
a loving mother
a caring father
take responsibility for children
be willing to sacrifice
be supportive of the children
work on a night shift
spend time with the family
get on well with relatives
be a role model
set an excellent example
be under pressure
feel secure
mischievous children
a close-knit family
III. FAMILY RULES (Duties and Rights):
I have to / but I don’t have to: Tôi phải / không phải
I am supposed to / but I’m not supposed to: Tôi được phân công …
I’m expected to / I’m not expected to: Tôi được ngỡ là phải …
I’m allowed to / but I’m not allowed to: Tôi được phép / không được
I can / but I can’t / mustn’t …
My parents let me / but they never let me: Ba mẹ cho phép tôi / không cho phép …
My parents allow me to / but they don’t allow me to …
*WORK AND STUDY:
We have to clean and tidy the house and we are supposed to help with the housework. However, we don’t have to work and earn money.
keep the house clean and tidy
help with / do the household chores
work part-time and earn money
study hard and pass exams
win a place in university
get good grades at school
look after younger brothers / sisters
help them with their homework
listen to and respect elders
inform your parents where you are going
act on your responsibility
behave respectfully
keep up the family’s traditions
observe the customs
*FRIENDS AND ENTERTAINMENT:
I can go out with friends, but I’m not allowed to hang out with friends all day. I must come home before 10.00 p.m.
go out with friends
stay out late or overnight
invite friends over now and then
have a girlfriend / boyfriend
but not fall in love yet
use the Internet for study
not chat or play games online
earn money / not neglect homework
stay up late watching TV
not sleep late
have a daily / weekly allowance
not waste money
do as you wish
save face
IV. READING: GIVING BACK TO THE SOCIETY
1. Larry Steward came from humble beginnings.
be brought up by grandparents
find oneself jobless and starving
get a free meal given
vow to help others
help the less fortunate
hand out thousands of dollars
reveal one’s identity
famous but still anonymous
keep one’s identity hidden
be diagnosed with cancer
It claimed his life
mission of charitable work
2. Le Thanh Thuy was awarded the title ‘Outstanding Young Citizen.’
pass away
amputate one’s leg
to relieve pain
hold an annual event
launch a program / campaign
get together and have fun
keep a memory alive
stories about love and sharing
V. SPEAKING:
1. A HISTORICAL FIGURE:
Van is talking to the mirror, practising for a storytelling contest. The topic is the life of a historical figure (nhân vật lịch sử). She is going to talk about the national hero Nguyen Trai, a talented scholar and strategist (học giả và nhà chiến lược thiên tài) to King Le Loi in the 14th century. She admires (khâm phục) him for his dedication to (sự cống hiến cho đất nước) the nation. She’ll talk about the mystery of the Lychee Garden (Lệ Chi Viên, ý là "vườn cây vải"), an incident that led to the deaths of Nguyen Trai’s extended family. It’s regrettable that his life was ended in tragedy (kết thúc bi thảm). However, in an effort to regain his honor, he was nominated (đề cử, nêu danh) a World Cultural Celebrity (danh nhân văn hóa thế giới) by UNESCO in 1980.
*KING LE LOI:
determined leader: lãnh tụ quyết đoán
Lam Son Uprising: khởi nghĩa Lam Sơn
The Ming invaders: quân Minh xâm lược
suffer hardships: chịu đựng gian nan
respected for his perseverance: được kính trọng ở tính kiên định
the return of the magical sword: việc hoàn trả thanh bảo kiếm
*LE QUY DON:
distinguished philosopher: triết gia lỗi lạc
an encyclopedist: nhà bách khoa toàn thư
encyclopedic works: các tác phẩm bách khoa toàn thư
sharp wit: trí tuệ nhạy bén
knowledgeable (adj): uyên bác, hiểu biết rộng
knowledgeability (n): sự uyên bác
be interpreted as … được diễn giải là …
self-discipline (n): sự tự giác
self-accusation (n): sự tự phê
2. DIALOG PRACTICE. ASKING FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS:
Listen and ask more questions that follow up.
Listen, show your feeling and react.
Then ask for more information that you are interested in.
What / you doing?
→ I / practicing / storytelling contest
I see / What / topic?
→ The life / historical figure
So who / talking about? Vietnamese celebrity?
→ Sure / King Le Loi or Le Thai To
Le Loi / the one related to the story of Hoan Kiem Lake?
→ True / the King associated with the Sword Lake in Hanoi.
He / freed / country from Ming invaders / became King / 1428
What / most admirable about him?
→ He / determined leader / Lam Son Uprising / suffered / many hardships / he / predestined to be the National Leader.
Right / That’s why / legend of the Lake of Sword Restoration
3. DIALOG PRACTICE. HOW CLOSE ARE YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS?
*Circle the number of the statements that are true for you. Then correct the false statements so that reflect your family life. Remember to use a range of vocabulary in your speech.
1. In my family only my father works as a breadwinner (người thu nhập chính).
2. Members of the family share the household chores.
3. My responsibility in the family is to wash the dishes.
4. In my family, the interest we share closely (have in common) is watching football.
5. I often share my personal secrets with my father.
6. I always talk to (consult) my parents before making an important decision.
*Useful expressions:
1. work as a breadwinner, earn a living for the family, support the family financially, the main family provider.
2. share the chores, split the chores equally, divide the housework among the members.
3. My responsibility, My main duty, I’m supposed to, I’m expected to, I also have to take care of, I’m in charge of, I’m responsible for keeping the house clean.
4. The interest we all have in common, We have many things in common, We are all interested in, We pay attention to, We take care of, We find it important to …
5. I share my secrets with, I trust my mother, so I tell her my secrets, I can always rely on Mum for keeping my secrets.
6. I talk to my parents about, I consult my father about, I can always ask my mother for advice.
VI. LISTENING: LEARNING FROM CELEBRITIES
1. Why are people often interested in the life of celebrities?
be curious: tò mò, hiếu kì
know more about their idols
gossip about someone: đàm tiếu
success stories: câu chuyện thành công
criticize or slander someone: phê phán hay bịa đặt nhục mạ ai đó
2. Listen to a talk show:
Host Cindy Brown: người dẫn chương trình Cindy Brown
guest speaker: khách mời diễn thuyết
social worker: nhân viên xã hội
sociologist: nhà xã hội học
be overloaded with: bị quá tải
damage one’s reputation: bêu xấu thanh danh
personal information: thông tin cá nhân
private life: đời tư
make judgements: xét đoán đúng sai
make criticisms: chỉ trích, phê phán
faults and merits: điểm trừ và điểm cộng
find faults with sb: tìm cách bắt lỗi
3. In other words:
be overwhelmed with information: quá tải thông tin
take advantage of something: lợi dụng tình hình
political figures: nhân vật chính trị
ordinary people: thường dân
scandals: những vụ bê bối
blackmail (n): vụ việc tống tiền
slander (n): vụ bịa đặt lăng mạ
avoid similar failures: tránh những sai lầm tương tự
adopt a new way of life: chọn theo lối sống mới
There are two sides to everything: Mọi thứ đều có hai mặt của nó.
VII. WRITING: WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY.
overcome hardships: vượt qua gian khổ
achieve success: đạt được thành công
misfortune (n): vận xui
perseverance (n): sự kiên trì
be abandoned: bị bỏ rơi
an orphanage: trại nuôi trẻ mồ côi
foster mother: mẹ nuôi
adopted child: con nuôi
prosthetic leg: cái chân giả
be obsessed with sport: đam mê thể thao
feel helpless: cảm thấy bất lực
make progress: đạt tiến bộ
para-athlete (n): vận động viên khuyết tật
Paralympic Games: Thế Vận Hội Khuyết Tật
get in one’s way: chắn lối
This is my motto!: Đây là châm ngôn sống của tôi!
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