Tiếng Anh 12 | Unit 10: Endangered Species (Hệ 7 Năm)

A. READING:

Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in danger of extinction. Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.

The primary causes of species extinction are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged natural habitats. Since the 1600s, worldwide commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has seriously reduced the number of rare species. Toxic chemicals in the air and land, contaminated water and increased water temperatures have also driven many species to the verge of extinction.

Plant and animal extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity. Maintaining biodiversity is important for us in many ways. For example, humans depend on species diversity to have food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. In addition, we benefit greatly from the many medicines and other products that biodiversity provides.

Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save endangered species. The Red List – a global list of endangered and vulnerable animal species – has been introduced to raise people's awareness of conservation needs. Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting. A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established so that a wide range of endangered species can have a chance to survive and develop.

*CÁC NHÓM TỪ VÀ TỔ HỢP TỪ VỀ CHỦ ĐỀ BẢO TỒN THIÊN NHIÊN

danger (n) > endanger (v) > endangered (pp) > dangerous (adj)

extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng > extinct (adj) > become extinct (v) > be threatened with extinction (pp)

identify sth / sb (v): xác định danh tính, phân biệt, nhận diện

primary (adj): main, major (chính yếu, chủ yếu)

primary causes (n): nguyên nhân chính

habitat (n): natural place where a species lives or grows = living environment (môi trường sống)

commercial exploitation (exp): việc khai thác thương mại

drainage (n): việc tháo nước, khơi cạn

urbanization (n): quá trình đô thị hóa

rare (adj): quý hiếm

contaminated (adj): polluted (bị ô nhiễm)

on verge of extinction (exp): trên bờ vực tuyệt chủng

drive a species to the verge of extinction (v): đẩy một chủng loài đến bờ tuyệt chủng

diversity (n): sự đa dạng > biodiversity (n): sự đa dạng sinh học

fertile (adj) > fertile soil: đất màu mỡ

fertilize (v) > fertilizer (n): phân bón

in addition = besides, also (adv): ngoài ra

benefit from sth (v): hưởng lợi từ …

conservation (n): việc bảo tồn thiên nhiên

global (adj): toàn cầu

vulnerable (adj): easy to be damaged or harmed (dễ bị tổn hại, dễ bị hại)

raise public awareness (v): nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng

enact / enforce a law (v): thi hành / củng cố luật

overhunting (n): việc săn bắn quá mức

habitat reserve (n): khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên

a wide range of … = a wide variety of … (exp): đa dạng phong phú , đủ mọi loại

B. SPEAKING: TALKING ABOUT ENDANGERED SPECIES

1. MODEL PATTERN: THE GIANT PANDA

Bei Bei, one of three giant pandas in residence at the Smithsonian's National Zoo, was transported to China in 2019. Photo:  Skip Brown/Smithsonian's National Zoo

> HABITAT

Giant pandas are native to South China. They can be found mainly in bamboo forests in the mountainous Central and Western areas of the country.

> POPULATION

The population of pandas has been declinng quickly in recent years; only about 600 can be found in the wild.

> SIZE

An adult panda can grow up to 1.2 to 1.5 meters in height and weigh up to over 150 kilograms.

> FEEDING HABITS

Pandas prefer to eat or feed on bamboo shoots, stems and leaves, making up over 90% of their diet.

> LIFE SPAN

Pandas have quite a short lifespan; an average bear of this type living up to 20 to 30 years.

> REASON FOR DECLINE

A great conservation concern for the giant panda is that its population is on the decline due to habitat destruction and illegal trading.

*VOCABULARY:

grassland (n): khu vực đồng cỏ

subtropical forest (n): rừng cận nhiệt đới

swamp (n): khu đầm lầy

life span (n): tuổi thọ (of animals)

decline (n): suy giảm

destroy (v): phá hủy > destruction (n): sự tàn phá, hủy diệt

bark (n): vỏ cây

leaf > leaves (n): lá cây

roots (n): rễ cây

2. MODEL PATTERN: THE GORILLA

Ivan, a silverback gorilla who lived for 27 years in a Tacoma, Wash., shopping mall, chews on his finger at the Atlanta Zoo in 1996. Photo: John Bazemore/AP

attain a height of 2 meters (exp): đạt chiều cao 2 mét

attain a weight of 200 kilos (exp): đạt đến cân nặng 200 kg

sub adult (n): young adult (tuổi sắp trưởng thành)

bare one’s teeth (v): nhe răng > bared teeth

silverback (n): con lưng bạc đầu đàn

forest ranger (n): nhân viên kiểm lâm

a grown-up gorilla (n): đười ươi trưởng thành

image (n): hình tượng, hình ảnh

gentle (adj) hiền lành (# vicious, savage)

plant-eating creatures (n): sinh vật ăn cây cỏ

make a nest (v): làm tổ

nest (v): build and use a nest (làm tổ)

a variety of plants (n phr): đủ mọi loại cây

lightweight (adj): nhẹ cân

fuel (n): nhiên liệu, chất đốt

concerned people (n phr): những người có liên quan

E. LANGUAGE FOCUS:

1. Pronunciation / Sentence Rhythm: (Nhịp điệu câu)       

English is a stress-timed language. The sentence rhythm depends on the stressed syllables in content words like verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Examples:

+ Tell me the time and the way.

+ The room is nice and the fire is warm.

+ I’d like a cake and a soda.

+ What would you like to drink, sir?

+ A lemonade sounds like a good idea.

2. Modal Verbs: (Động từ tình thái)

Model verbs are verbs that express the feeling and attitude of the speaker.

MUST / MAY / MIGHT / COULD >> It’s certain / likely / probable / possible / advisable that …

Ex. Take an umbrella with you. It’s likely that it will / may / might / could rain.

NEEDN’T >> It’s unnecessary for sb to do sth

Ex. We’ve got plenty of time. It’s unnecessary for us to leave yet. / We needn’t leave yet.

MUSTN’T >> It’s important not to do sth / You are NOT allowed to do sth

Ex. This is a valuable book. It’s important not to lose it. / You mustn’t lose it.

To express the varying degrees of certainty

Use >> Must / Could / May / Might / Can’t

(Chắc hẳn / Rất có thể / Có lẽ / Không thể (bác bỏ))

To express the varying degrees of necessity

Use >> Must(n’t) / Should(n’t) / Ought (not) to / Need(n’t)

(Buộc phải / Nên phải / Nên phải / Cần phải)

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