Tiếng Anh 12 | Unit 10: Endangered Species (Hệ 7 Năm)
Chúng ta học cách miêu tả các loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng (endangered species) và tìm hiểu cách dùng động từ tình thái (model verbs).
A. READING:
Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in danger of extinction. Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
The primary causes of species extinction are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged natural habitats. Since the 1600s, worldwide commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has seriously reduced the number of rare species. Toxic chemicals in the air and land, contaminated water and increased water temperatures have also driven many species to the verge of extinction.
Plant and animal extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity. Maintaining biodiversity is important for us in many ways. For example, humans depend on species diversity to have food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. In addition, we benefit greatly from the many medicines and other products that biodiversity provides.
Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save endangered species. The Red List – a global list of endangered and vulnerable animal species – has been introduced to raise people's awareness of conservation needs. Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting. A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established so that a wide range of endangered species can have a chance to survive and develop.
*CÁC NHÓM TỪ VÀ TỔ HỢP TỪ VỀ CHỦ ĐỀ BẢO TỒN THIÊN NHIÊN
danger (n) > endanger (v) > endangered (pp) > dangerous (adj)
extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng > extinct (adj) > become extinct (v) > be threatened with extinction (pp)
identify sth / sb (v): xác định danh tính, phân biệt, nhận diện
primary (adj): main, major (chính yếu, chủ yếu)
primary causes (n): nguyên nhân chính
habitat (n): natural place where a species lives or grows = living environment (môi trường sống)
commercial exploitation (exp): việc khai thác thương mại
drainage (n): việc tháo nước, khơi cạn
urbanization (n): quá trình đô thị hóa
rare (adj): quý hiếm
contaminated (adj): polluted (bị ô nhiễm)
on verge of extinction (exp): trên bờ vực tuyệt chủng
drive a species to the verge of extinction (v): đẩy một chủng loài đến bờ tuyệt chủng
diversity (n): sự đa dạng > biodiversity (n): sự đa dạng sinh học
fertile (adj) > fertile soil: đất màu mỡ
fertilize (v) > fertilizer (n): phân bón
in addition = besides, also (adv): ngoài ra
benefit from sth (v): hưởng lợi từ …
conservation (n): việc bảo tồn thiên nhiên
global (adj): toàn cầu
vulnerable (adj): easy to be damaged or harmed (dễ bị tổn hại, dễ bị hại)
raise public awareness (v): nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng
enact / enforce a law (v): thi hành / củng cố luật
overhunting (n): việc săn bắn quá mức
habitat reserve (n): khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên
a wide range of … = a wide variety of … (exp): đa dạng phong phú , đủ mọi loại
B. SPEAKING: TALKING ABOUT ENDANGERED SPECIES
1. MODEL PATTERN: THE GIANT PANDA
Bei Bei, one of three giant pandas in residence at the Smithsonian's National Zoo, was transported to China in 2019. Photo: Skip Brown/Smithsonian's National Zoo
> HABITAT
Giant pandas are native to South China. They can be found mainly in bamboo forests in the mountainous Central and Western areas of the country.
> POPULATION
The population of pandas has been declinng quickly in recent years; only about 600 can be found in the wild.
> SIZE
An adult panda can grow up to 1.2 to 1.5 meters in height and weigh up to over 150 kilograms.
> FEEDING HABITS
Pandas prefer to eat or feed on bamboo shoots, stems and leaves, making up over 90% of their diet.
> LIFE SPAN
Pandas have quite a short lifespan; an average bear of this type living up to 20 to 30 years.
> REASON FOR DECLINE
A great conservation concern for the giant panda is that its population is on the decline due to habitat destruction and illegal trading.
*VOCABULARY:
grassland (n): khu vực đồng cỏ
subtropical forest (n): rừng cận nhiệt đới
swamp (n): khu đầm lầy
life span (n): tuổi thọ (of animals)
decline (n): suy giảm
destroy (v): phá hủy > destruction (n): sự tàn phá, hủy diệt
bark (n): vỏ cây
leaf > leaves (n): lá cây
roots (n): rễ cây
2. MODEL PATTERN: THE GORILLA
Ivan, a silverback gorilla who lived for 27 years in a Tacoma, Wash., shopping mall, chews on his finger at the Atlanta Zoo in 1996. Photo: John Bazemore/AP
attain a height of 2 meters (exp): đạt chiều cao 2 mét
attain a weight of 200 kilos (exp): đạt đến cân nặng 200 kg
sub adult (n): young adult (tuổi sắp trưởng thành)
bare one’s teeth (v): nhe răng > bared teeth
silverback (n): con lưng bạc đầu đàn
forest ranger (n): nhân viên kiểm lâm
a grown-up gorilla (n): đười ươi trưởng thành
image (n): hình tượng, hình ảnh
gentle (adj) hiền lành (# vicious, savage)
plant-eating creatures (n): sinh vật ăn cây cỏ
make a nest (v): làm tổ
nest (v): build and use a nest (làm tổ)
a variety of plants (n phr): đủ mọi loại cây
lightweight (adj): nhẹ cân
fuel (n): nhiên liệu, chất đốt
concerned people (n phr): những người có liên quan
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS:
1. Pronunciation / Sentence Rhythm: (Nhịp điệu câu)
English is a stress-timed language. The sentence rhythm depends on the stressed syllables in content words like verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Examples:
+ Tell me the time and the way.
+ The room is nice and the fire is warm.
+ I’d like a cake and a soda.
+ What would you like to drink, sir?
+ A lemonade sounds like a good idea.
2. Modal Verbs: (Động từ tình thái)
Model verbs are verbs that express the feeling and attitude of the speaker.
MUST / MAY / MIGHT / COULD >> It’s certain / likely / probable / possible / advisable that …
Ex. Take an umbrella with you. It’s likely that it will / may / might / could rain.
NEEDN’T >> It’s unnecessary for sb to do sth
Ex. We’ve got plenty of time. It’s unnecessary for us to leave yet. / We needn’t leave yet.
MUSTN’T >> It’s important not to do sth / You are NOT allowed to do sth
Ex. This is a valuable book. It’s important not to lose it. / You mustn’t lose it.
To express the varying degrees of certainty
Use >> Must / Could / May / Might / Can’t
(Chắc hẳn / Rất có thể / Có lẽ / Không thể (bác bỏ))
To express the varying degrees of necessity
Use >> Must(n’t) / Should(n’t) / Ought (not) to / Need(n’t)
(Buộc phải / Nên phải / Nên phải / Cần phải)
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