English 11 | Unit 1: Family Life and Friendship | Lesson 1: Getting Started
Chào đón các em học sinh đến với trang mục Bài Soạn và Trợ Giảng dành cho lớp 11, hệ 7 năm (seven-year syllabus) cũng như 10 năm (ten-year syllabus)!
Trọng tâm gồm những phần sau: Topic-specific Vocabulary, Describing Appearance and Personality, Talking about Family Conflicts, Supporting Main Ideas, Tips on Learning Useful Expressions and Collocations in English.
I. FAMILY: (TEN-YEAR SYLLABUS)
Ann lives in an extended family (gia đình nhiều thế hệ) of three generations. There are generation gaps (khoảng cách thế hệ) among the members. Each generation has their own beliefs (có niềm tin riêng) and expects other family members to have similar manners and behaviors (giữ phong cách và hành xử tương tự). Elderly people who tend to be conservative (có xu hướng bảo thủ) impose their opinions and decisions on (áp đặt ý riêng và quyết định lên) younger people, whereas younger members, being more liberal and open-minded, (có tư tưởng tự do phóng khoáng hơn) want to have their own ways, (có cách của riêng mình) make new changes and create something different. Very often problems come up and conflicts result from (xuất phát từ) generation gaps. What should be done about these conflicting gaps (những cách biệt gây mâu thuẫn)?
II. FRIENDS: (SEVEN-YEAR SYLLABUS)
A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED!
That guy is just an acquaintance (chỉ là người quen thôi), not a friend of mine. But that girl is both a friend and a neighbor. What are the qualities (phẩm chất) of a true friend? There are at least four top qualities of a true friend. A true friendship should be close and lasting, constant and loyal, unselfish and respectful, enthusiastic and sympathetic (thân tình và bền lâu, kiên định và trung thành, không ích kỷ mà biết tôn trọng, nhiệt tình và đồng cảm). A good friend can keep a secret. Good friends have mutual trust in each other. Besides they should be concerned with each other. Friendship is never one-way; it must be a two-sided affair and observe the ‘give and take’ rule. A true friend is neither easily influenced by gossips nor readily believes in rumors.
III. FAMILY CONFLICTS:
1. THE GENERATION GAP (Khoảng cách thế hệ):
Where do conflicts come from?
From the parents or teenage children? Their differences? The generation gaps?
They have a difference of opinion (khác biệt về quan điểm nhận thức).
They have different tastes in music (khác biệt về thị hiếu âm nhạc).
Young people express strong opinions about something (thể hiện tư tưởng không khoan nhượng về…).
Adults object to the way teenagers spend their free time (phản đối cách… ).
Elderly people expect respectful behavior. (Người cao niên mong ngỡ được kính trọng).
Most parents hold strong views about education. (Phụ huynh giữ quan điểm dứt khoát về giáo dục).
Youngsters have different beliefs about friendship. (Đám trẻ có niềm tin khác biệt về tình bạn.)
2. WORDS IN CONTEXT – DEFINITIONS:
conflicts (n): situations in which people are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
norms (n): standards of behavior that are typical or accepted within a particular group
brand name (n): name given to a product by the company that produces it
can afford it (v): have enough money to do or buy something
impose (v): make somebody accept the same opinions as you
3. WORDS IN PARTNERSHIP – COLLOCATIONS:
conflicts between parents and children: những xung đột giữa cha mẹ và con cái
no matter how old you are: cho dù bạn bao nhiêu tuổi
treat you like small kids: đối xử với bạn như trẻ con
strongly believe that … xác tín rằng, tin chắc rằng…
have one’s own opinions: có suy nghĩ riêng biệt
make one’s own decisions: tự quyết cho mình
feel comfortable when … cảm thấy dễ chịu mỗi khi…
one common area of conflicts: Một nơi thường có mâu thuẫn
break the rules and norms of society: vi phạm luật lệ hay luân thường xã hội
put / place a burden on someone: đặt gánh nặng lên vai ai đó
cannot afford the high prices: không thể chi trả cho giá cao quá
another source of conflicts: một nguồn gây xung đột khác nữa là
see things the way your parents do: cách nhìn vấn đề giống như bố mẹ
conflicts also arise from … xung đột còn xuất phát từ…
impose your choice on other people: áp đặt cách chọn lựa của bạn lên người khác
regardless of their preferences: bất kể, bất chấp sở thích ưu tiên của họ
create mutual trust and understanding: tạo ra niềm tin và thông hiểu lẫn nhau
come into conflict with someone: tình cờ va chạm xung đột với ai đó
IV. DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY:
How does she look? What does she look like?
She is pretty tall and she has a heart-shaped face and long straight hair.
She’s pretty tall with a heart-shaped face and long straight hair.
How would you describe her character traits? What do you think of her personality?
She’s generous. She always tries her best to help the poor.
*Vocabulary:
medium height: chiều cao trung bình
oval face: mặt trái xoan
crooked nose: mũi quặp
grey hair: tóc muối tiêu
broad forehead: trán rộng
caring (adj): có lòng nhân ái, biết chăm sóc bảo bọc
modest (adj): khiêm tốn
pleasant (adj): thân thiện, dễ chịu
helpful (adj): chu đáo, ân cần
generous (adj): hào phóng
sincere (adj): chân thành
understanding (adj): cảm thông tha thứ
V. WRITING: Describing a friend, an acquaintance or a relative
Xuan / best friend / the same age / live, my neighborhood / first met when / grade 6
Xuan / medium height / long straight hair / clear black eyes / oval face / smartly dressed / look fashionable / lively
Xuan / a kind of person / like at first sight / cheerful & sociable / pleasant and friendly / make friends easily / rarely talk about herself / helpful / care for other people
The best thing I like about her is that / sincere / tell the truth / tactful / know how to avoid hurting your feeling / pleasant to be with her.
*Vocabulary:
keep up with fashion: theo kịp thời trang
be trendy and fashion-conscious: hợp thời trang
be smartly dressed: ăn mặc đẹp
be casually dressed: ăn mặc xuề xòa
be fashionably dressed (adj) trang phục hợp thời
lively (adj): sinh động, sống động
cheerful (adj): tươi vui, vui vẻ
hurt someone’s feeling: làm phật ý ai
VI. COMMON COMPLAINTS FROM BOTH SIDES:
1. COMPLAINTS ABOUT TEENAGERS:
My teenage children have strange friends. They watch too much TV and waste time on games.
Every so often they refuse to listen to us or hardly ever take our advice.
have strange friends
watch too much TV
spend so much time on games
waste time on silly social networks
never listen to them
hardly ever take their advice
eat too much junk food
rarely help with the housework
make the bed
keep my room clean and tidy
2. COMPLAINTS ABOUT PARENTS:
All too often my parents keep comparing us with other ‘well-behaved’ children.
I can’t stand it when Mum does not respect my privacy. I do not have much freedom.
keep comparing them with other children
not respect one’s privacy
not have much freedom
put pressure on someone
keep someone under control
hardly ever let someone do what they want
pass judgements: xét đoán
give advice and make suggestions
impose on someone: áp đặt
be too conservative to adapt to new life
Xem thêm